Usage¶
In this section, we describe the primary programmatic elements of pymt and explain how to use them to configure, run, and couple models.
We assume here that you have installed pymt, following the instructions in the Installation guide. Below, we’ll use the CEM and Waves models. Install them with:
$ mamba install pymt_cem -c conda-forge
Loading pymt¶
pymt is distributed as a Python package. To use pymt, it has to be imported into a Python session. For example, the entire package can be loaded with a single import:
>>> import pymt
Alternately, models that have been installed into pymt can be imported individually:
>>> from pymt.models import Cem, Waves
Either technique is acceptable, but there’s a slight Pythonic preference for loading individual models as needed. We’ll use this technique in the remainder of this section. In either case, pymt must always be imported into a Python session before it can be used.
Instantiating a model¶
After importing a pymt model into a Python session, you can create an instance of it (also known as an object):
>>> model = Waves()
It is through an instance
that we can configure, interact with, and run a model in pymt.
The instance we’ve created here, model
, contains information
(called properties or data) about the Waves model
(e.g., its inputs and outputs, its time step, its spatial domain),
as well as programs (called methods)
that allow access to these data.
The sections below describe some of the data and methods
that are associated with a model instance in pymt.
Model setup¶
The setup method configures a model run. It’s used to:
set individual model input variables,
generate a model configuration file for a run, and
make a run directory.
Depending on a user’s preference, setup can be invoked in different ways. For example, given a Waves instance like the one created in the previous section, a basic call to setup would be:
>>> cfg_file, cfg_dir = model.setup()
This creates a model configuration file with default parameters in a run directory in a temporary location on the filessytem. It returns the name of configuration file and the path to the run directory:
>>> print(cfg_file, cfg_dir)
waves.txt /tmp/tmpeydq6usd
Note that the two outputs could also be grouped into a single variable; e.g.:
>>> args = model.setup()
Alternately, the run directory can be specified. For example, to run the model in the current directory:
>>> cfg_dir = '.'
>>> model.setup(cfg_dir)
Here, we didn’t use the outputs from setup because the run directory has been specified, and the configuration file is created within it.
Model inputs can also be configured with setup. Find the default values of the inputs by querying the parameters property of the model:
>>> for name, value in model.parameters:
... print(name, '=', value)
...
run_duration = 3650
incoming_wave_height = 2.0
incoming_wave_period = 7.0
angle_highness_factor = 0.2
angle_asymmetry = 0.5
Configure the model to use an incoming wave height of 3.5, instead of the default 2.0, meters:
>>> model.setup(cfg_dir, incoming_wave_height=3.5)
Check the parameters property to verify that the model inputs have been updated.
Lifecycle methods¶
The initialize and finalize methods are used to start and complete a model run. Initialize sets the initial conditions for a model, while finalize cleans up any resources allocated for the model run.
Initialize requires a model configuration file. The run directory is an optional argument; if it’s not provided, the current directory is assumed.
Using the Waves model as an example, the steps to import, instantiate, set up, and initialize the model are:
>>> from pymt.models import Waves
>>> waves = Waves()
>>> config_file, config_dir = waves.setup()
>>> waves.initialize(config_file, dir=config_dir)
Note that if the outputs from setup had been stored in a single variable, the values could be unpacked in the call to initialize:
>>> config = waves.setup()
>>> waves.initialize(*config)
Further, if a model configuration file already exists, it can be passed directly to initialize, and the call to setup could be omitted.
Finalize ends a model run. It takes no arguments:
>>> waves.finalize()
No further operations can be performed on a model after it has been finalized.
Time¶
The start time, end time, and current time in a model are reported through a model’s Basic Model Interface and made available in pymt through three properties: start_time, end_time, and time. To demonstrate these properties, create and initialize a new instance of the Waves model:
>>> waves = Waves()
>>> config = waves.setup()
>>> waves.initialize(*config)
then access these time properties with:
>>> waves.start_time
0.0
>>> waves.end_time
3650.0
>>> waves.time
0.0
Use the time_units property to see the units associated with these time values:
>>> waves.time_units
'd'
CSDMS recommends using time unit conventions from Unidata’s UDUNITS package.
Finally, find the model time step through the time_step property:
>>> waves.time_step
1.0
Updating model state¶
A model can be advanced through time, one step at a time, with the the update method.
Update the instance of Waves created in the previous section by a single time step, checking the time before and after the update:
>>> waves.time
0.0
>>> waves.update()
>>> waves.time
1.0
Although we verified that the model time has been updated, it would be more interesting to see model variables change. In the next two sections, we’ll find what variables a model exposes, and how to get their values.
Getting variable names¶
What variables does a model expose for input and output, for exchange with other models? These aren’t internal variables in the model source code (like loop counters), but rather variables that have CSDMS Standard Names and are exposed through a model’s Basic Model Interface.
The input_var_names and output_var_names properties list the variables exposed by a model. Find the variables exposed by our Waves instance:
>>> waves.input_var_names
('sea_surface_water_wave__height',
'sea_surface_water_wave__period',
'sea_shoreline_wave~incoming~deepwater__ashton_et_al_approach_angle_highness_parameter',
'sea_shoreline_wave~incoming~deepwater__ashton_et_al_approach_angle_asymmetry_parameter')
>>> waves.output_var_names
('sea_surface_water_wave__min_of_increment_of_azimuth_angle_of_opposite_of_phase_velocity',
'sea_surface_water_wave__azimuth_angle_of_opposite_of_phase_velocity',
'sea_surface_water_wave__mean_of_increment_of_azimuth_angle_of_opposite_of_phase_velocity',
'sea_surface_water_wave__max_of_increment_of_azimuth_angle_of_opposite_of_phase_velocity',
'sea_surface_water_wave__height',
'sea_surface_water_wave__period')
In each case, the variable names are returned in a tuple. The names tend to be quite descriptive in order to aid in semantic matching between models. In practice, it’s often convenient to use a common short name for a variable instead of its Standard Name.
Getting and setting variables¶
The values of variables exposed by a model can be accessed with the get_value method and modified with the set_value method. Each of these methods takes a variable name (a CSDMS Standard Name) as input.
As shown in the section above,
the variable sea_surface_water_wave__height
is both an input and an output variable in Waves.
Find its current value:
>>> waves.get_value('sea_surface_water_wave__height')
array([ 2.])
In pymt, variable values are stored as NumPy arrays.
Assign a new wave height value in the model:
>>> waves.set_value('sea_surface_water_wave__height', 3.5)
and check the result with get_value:
>>> waves.get_value('sea_surface_water_wave__height')
array([ 3.5])